DOSEMU

The DOSEMU team

Edited by

Alistair MacDonald

For DOSEMU v1.4 pl0.0

This document is the amalgamation of a series of README files which were created to deal with the lack of DOSEMU documentation.


Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. DOSEMU modes of operation
1.1.1. Terminal mode
1.1.2. Dumb mode
1.1.3. SDL mode
1.1.4. Console graphics mode
1.2. Running a DOS program directly from Linux.
1.3. Using a different DOS
1.4. About this document
2. Runtime Configuration Options
2.1. Format of dosemu.conf and ~/.dosemurc
2.1.1. Disks, boot directories and floppies
2.1.2. Controlling amount of debug output
2.1.3. Basic emulation settings
2.1.4. Code page and character set
2.1.5. Terminals
2.1.6. Keyboard settings
2.1.7. X Support settings
2.1.8. Builtin ASPI SCSI Driver
2.1.9. COM ports and mice
2.1.10. Printers
2.1.11. Sound
2.1.12. Joystick
2.1.13. Networking under DOSEMU
2.1.14. Settings for enabling direct hardware access
2.1.15. Video settings ( console only )
2.1.16. Time settings
3. Security
4. Sound
4.1. Using the MPU-401 "Emulation"
4.2. The MIDI daemon
4.3. Disabling the Emulation at Runtime
5. Using Lredir
5.1. how do you use it?
5.2. Other alternatives using Lredir
6. Running dosemu as a normal user
7. Using CDROMS
7.1. The built-in driver
8. Using X
8.1. Basic information
8.2. More detailed information, hints and tips
8.3. The VGA Emulator
9. Running Windows under DOSEMU
9.1. Mouse in Windows under DOSEMU
9.2. Windows 3.x in SVGA modes
9.3. VxD support
9.4. DOS shell in Windows
10. The DOSEMU mouse
10.1. Setting up the emulated mouse in DOSEMU
10.2. Problems
11. Mouse Garrot
12. Running a DOS application directly from Unix shell
12.1. Using unix -e in autoexec.bat
12.2. Using the keystroke facility.
12.3. Using an input file
12.4. Running DOSEMU within a cron job
13. Commands & Utilities
13.1. Programs
13.2. Drivers
14. Keymaps
15. Networking using DOSEMU
15.1. Direct NIC access
15.2. Virtual networking
15.2.1. Bridging
15.2.2. IP Routing
16. Using Windows and Winsock
16.1. LIST OF REQUIRED SOFTWARE
16.2. STEP BY STEP OPERATION (LINUX SIDE)
16.3. STEP BY STEP OPERATION (DOS SIDE)

1. Introduction

You can start DOSEMU using

     $ dosemu
If you have never used DOSEMU before, and FreeDOS is present, then DOSEMU will boot, and present you with a welcome screen and a C:\> command prompt.

If for some reason it does not start, or DOSEMU crashes somewhere, look at ~/.dosemu/boot.log for details.

Remember, that you can't use <Ctrl>-C within DOS to exit from DOS. For this you need to execute exitemu or, when using the 'DOS in a BOX' <Ctrl><Alt><PgDn>.

Your DOS drives are set up as follows:

     A: floppy drive (if it exists)
     C: points to the Linux directory ~/.dosemu/drive_c. It contains the
        files config.sys, autoexec.bat and a directory for temporary files.
        It is available for general DOS use.
     D: points to your Linux home directory
     E: points to your CD-ROM drive, if it is mounted at /media/cdrom
     Z: points to the read-only DOSEMU and FreeDOS commands directory
        It actually points to ~/mydos/dosemu/drive_z; it appears read-only
        inside DOSEMU.

You can use the LREDIR DOSEMU command to adjust these settings, or edit /etc/dosemu/dosemu.conf, ~/.dosemurc, c:\config.sys, or c:\autoexec.bat, or change the symbolic links in ~/.dosemu/drives.

Enter HELP for more information on DOS and DOSEMU commands. Note that FreeDOS COMMAND.COM DIR command shows long file names if you type DIR/LFN.

Other useful keys are:

    <Ctrl><Alt><F>    toggle full-screen mode in X
    <Ctrl><Alt><K>    grab the keyboard in X
    <Ctrl><Alt><Home> grab the mouse in X
    <Ctrl><Alt><Del>  reboot
    <Ctrl><^>         use special keys on terminals (dosemu -t)

1.1. DOSEMU modes of operation

There exist various ways of starting DOSEMU, depending on the environment and certain command line options. By default, in X, it will start using a special 'DOS in a Box' which provides a usual PC setup, using a 80x25 text mode. It also supports graphics. The box can be rescaled by dragging the window borders using the mouse.

However, in certain situation you may want to use a different mode.

1.1.1. Terminal mode

Terminal mode is automatically entered if you do not have X available, for instance when logging in remotely from a Windows system or at the Linux console. You can force it using:

      $ dosemu -t
In this mode the display of graphics is impossible, but you can use full-screen DOS text mode applications. It is advisable to give the terminal window a size of 80 by 25 characters, or use "stty cols 80 rows 25" on the Linux console, before starting it because many DOS applications are confused about other sizes.

You can use the $_internal_char_set option in ~/.dosemurc or dosemu.conf to change the code page that DOSEMU thinks that DOS is using.

Many terminals do not support various function key combinations. On the Linux console you can work around that by using the raw keyboard mode (-k flag, or $_rawkeyboard). xterm's support many key combinations. In other cases you'll have to work around it using the special Ctrl-^ shortcut (Ctrl-6 on US keyboards). Press Ctrl-^ h for help.

1.1.2. Dumb mode

For DOS applications that only read from standard input and write to standard output, without any full-screen usage, you can use dumb mode. To use this you must invoke DOSEMU like

      $ dosemu -dumb
this has the advantage that (A) the output of the DOS application stacks up in your scroll buffer and (B) you can redirect it to a file such as
      $ dosemu -dumb dir > listing
Note that editing is often restricted to BACKSPACE'ing.

1.1.3. SDL mode

You can start dosemu with the "-S" option to use the SDL library. In X it will just look like a regular DOS in a Box but with a different shaped text mode mouse cursor. You can also use this mode on frame buffer consoles.

1.1.4. Console graphics mode

Console graphics mode is the hardest to setup and may potentially lock up your system, but if it works it gives you direct VGA hardware access which may be quicker and more accurate than the emulation used in X.

You need root rights to use it. To enable it, it is recommended to use "sudo":

  • install sudo if you haven't already done so

  • use visudo as root to add entries such as

            joeuser   hostname=(root) PASSWD: /usr/local/bin/dosemu.bin
    to your /etc/sudoers file, where "joeuser" is the user who is allowed to run privileged DOSEMU and "hostname" is the name of your current host (use "ALL" for any host).

  • if you change PASSWD to NOPASSWD then joeuser does not need to type the user's password (not root's password) when invoking DOSEMU (a little less secure, if somebody hacks into joeuser's account).

  • now invoke DOSEMU using dosemu -s

1.2. Running a DOS program directly from Linux.

You can use something like

           dosemu "/home/clarence/games/commander keen/keen1.exe"
which will automatically cause the DOS in DOSEMU to

  • "cd" to the correct directory,

  • execute the program automagically,

  • and quit DOSEMU when finished.

1.3. Using a different DOS

It is possible to use a different DOS than the supplied FreeDOS in DOSEMU. A straightforward way is to just copy the relevant system files (io.sys, msdos.sys, etc.) to ~/.dosemu/drive_c, and then the next time you run dosemu it will automatically use them. You may need to edit config.sys and autoexec.bat though, if the DOS complains.

Another way is to boot directly from a Linux mounted FAT partition, with Windows 9x or any DOS installed. You can change the C: drive to point to that by using dosemu -i.

In that case the DOSEMU support commands are available on drive D: instead of drive Z:. You might want to use different config.sys and autoexec.bat files with your DOS. For example, you can try to copy D:\config.emu and D:\autoemu.bat to C:\, adjust them, and use the $_emusys option in ~/.dosemurc or dosemu.conf.

Manual adjustment of the C: drive is also possible, by changing the ~/.dosemu/drives/c symbolic link or by specifying it explicitly using the $_hdimage run-time option.

1.4. About this document

The rest of this document goes into more detail about all the different settings and possibilities. This documentation is derived from a number of smaller documents. This makes it easier for individuals to maintain the documentation relevant to their area of expertise. Previous attempts at documenting DOSEMU failed because the documentation on a large project like this quickly becomes too much for one person to handle.